The multiple industrial and agricultural revolutions have transformed the world. However, an unintended consequence of this progress is that we are changing the climate of our planet. In addition to the climate risks, we will need to provide enough clean energy, water, and food of a more prosperous world that may grow to 11 billion by 2100. The talk will discuss the significant technical challenges and potential solutions that could provide better paths to a more sustainable future. How we transition from where we are now to where we need to be within 50 years is arguably the most pressing set of issues that science, innovation and public policy have to address.

从硼中子治疗学的概念提起、硼药化合物的开发、核反应堆的中子源的应用、加速器的中子源的开发及临床治验到FDA的获批为止的数十年的研发过程及经历，以及硼中子治疗学相关未来方向的讨论。

朱永官院士以古老的毒物——“砒霜”（三氧化二砷）这一典型案例，通过砷元素的土壤微生物转化—水稻根际吸收——人类健康风险的研究主轴，系统阐述了地球演化历史中生命对砷毒性的适应过程，为阐明重金属元素循环、生命进化和地球演变之间的交互作用提供了新的视角，同时也明确水稻砷污染是我国乃至全球人群暴露砷污染的重要途径，其中水稻砷的积累不仅直接影响人体健康，还通过降低一些人体必须的微量元素含量给人体健康带来间接的影响。朱院士指出，未来的研究应将土壤-食物-环境-健康之间的耦合关系纳入到土壤健康管理中来，实现人类健康和地球健康。

Dynamic shape-morphing soft materials systems are ubiquitous in living organisms; they are also of rapidly increasing relevance to emerging technologies in soft machines, flexible electronics and smart medicines.  Soft matter equipped with responsive components can switch between designed shapes or structures, but cannot support the types of dynamic morphing capabilities needed to reproduce natural, continuous processes of interest for many applications. Challenges lie in the development of schemes to reprogram target shapes after fabrication, especially when complexities associated with the operating physics and disturbances from the environment can stop the use of deterministic theoretical models to guide inverse design and control strategies. Here we present a mechanical metasurface constructed from a matrix of filamentary metal traces, driven by reprogrammable, distributed Lorentz forces that follow from the passage of electrical currents in the presence of a static magnetic field.  The resulting system demonstrates complex, dynamic morphing capabilities with response times within 0.1 second. Implementing an in situ stereo-imaging feedback strategy with a digitally controlled actuation scheme guided by an optimization algorithm yields surfaces that can follow a self-evolving inverse design to morph into a wide range of three-dimensional target shapes with high precision, including an ability to morph against extrinsic or intrinsic perturbations. These concepts support a data-driven approach to the design of dynamic soft matter, with many unique characteristics.

Almost 40 years have passed since I started materials research carrier. I feel the most exciting research is cultivating new frontier in which fundamentals and applications are not differentiated, and the most attractive point of materials research is its huge impact on our society if research is successful and meets with demands of the society. In this seminar，I talk on several excitements in my materials research. Concretely, the following 3 cases are introduced, from basic idea of transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors as a novel class of amorphous semiconductors and their TFT application (IGZO) to flat panel displays, from creation of stable electride to element strategy and catalyst green ammonia synthesis, and from discovery of iron-based superconductors to finding of potential for wire and bulk magnet. Materials research is much more exciting than I expected first and uncultivated and fertile frontiers are in front of us.

I will show how an in-depth description of the basic principles of diffraction-unlimited fluorescence microscopy has spawned MINFLUX, a recent superresolution method that has reached the resolution of the size of a fluorophore molecule. Providing 1–3 nanometer resolution in fixed and living cells, as well as localization precisions in the Angström range, MINFLUX and the related MINSTED concept are being established for routine applications in the biomedical sciences. Relying on fewer fluorescence photons than other methods, these techniques are also poised to characterize dynamic processes at the single protein level, as already demonstrated by tracking sub(nanometer) details of the unhindered stepping of the motor protein kinesin-1 on microtubules at up to physiological ATP concentrations.

（1）报告题目：20-Year Dancing with Palladium and C–H bonds: From Curiosity to Industrialization 报告摘要： The widespread presence of C–H bonds at various sites of synthetic substrates renders C–H activation the most powerful platform for developing catalytic reactions for synthesis. To realize the full potential of C–H activation for synthesis, four fundamental challenges must be addressed: developing diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions of diverse poorly reactive native substrates (ReactivitY); enantioselective C–H activation reactions via asymmetric metalation of C–H bonds (EnantioselectivitY); site selective metalation and functionalization of remote C–H bonds (Site-selectivitY); achieving catalytic cycles using sustainable oxidants such as molecular oxygen, aqueous hydrogen peroxides as the terminal oxidants (SustainabilitY). Despite century-long efforts, seeking solutions to these problems has met with limited success due to a fundamental challenge: lack of ligands that can accelerate C–H activation reactions. By combining the weak coordination (entropy) from substrates and ligand acceleration (enthalpy), we have made substantial progress towards addressing these four challenges. Most notably, six generations of bi-functional ligands (MPAA, APAQ, APAO, MPAAm, MPAThio, Pyridine-Pyridone) have been developed to enable a wide range of enantioselective and site-selective C–H activation reactions of diverse classes of native substrates. In parallel, we have realized C–H hydroxylation using molecular oxygen or aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidants, paving the way for large-scale industrialization. Most recently, we have extended site-selective C–H activation to multiple methylene C–H bonds for ring formation through a stitching strategy. （2）报告题目：Interfacing molecules with 2D materials: sophisticated structures enabling complex functions 报告摘要： 2D materials hold exceptional physical properties which render them particularly interesting as active building blocks for the emergence of disruptive technologies in sensing, opto-electronic and energy storage. However, their properties are hardly tunable. The controlled interfacing of 2D materials with molecules and assemblies thereof represents a promising strategy for imparting new properties to 2D materials, rendering them multifunctional and multiresponsive. In my lecture I will present our recent findings on the chemical functionalization of 2D materials to engineer hybrid systems via the controlled interfacing of its two surfaces either in a symmetric or asymmetric fashion with molecular switches. In this way, additional properties have been conferred to MoS2, back phosphorous or WSe2, thereby rendering 2D material-based transistors capable to respond to as many as four different independent stimuli. Such an approach is also exploited for the development of physical sensors for medical diagnosis and health monitoring, upon use of active materials with sensitivities in the low-pressure or medium-pressure range. Example of flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors compatible with wearable technologies for digital healthcare, human-machine interfaces and robotics will be provided. On the other hand, the covalent connection of 2D nanosheets is employed to generate 3D networks displaying improved electronic connectivity which is demonstrated through the fabrication of field-effect transistors and chemical sensors with enhanced performances. Our modular strategies relying on the combination of 2D materials with molecules offer a simple route to generate multifunctional coatings, foams and nanocomposites with pre-programmed properties to address key global challenges in electronics and sensing applications.

介绍被称为 “国之重器”的重大科技基础设施发展态势，以及在推动科技创新、服务经济社会发展方面发挥重要作用。

In recent years, recycling and upcycling of plastic wastes are recognized as emerging re-search target for academia and for industry. While polyalkylene terephthalate, often used as PET bottles, can be subjected to material recycling and polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate can be decomposed into monomers by heating, there are many persistent plastics for which environ-mentally friendly recycling methods have not yet been established. We recently started a project focusing on catalyst development for degradation of tough materials such as thermosetting resins repre-sented by epoxy resins and polyureas. Efficient bond cleavage allowed efficient molecular weight loss. In addition, polyolefin (a general term for polyethylene and polypropylene) which makes up about half of the total plastic production, often used for containers and packaging, is mainly recycled by gasification and oilification. Our efforts are also devoted to introduction of triggers for degradation to polyolefins by catalyst development.

Since global climate and health issues are becoming more urgent, many countries have made pledges towards carbon reduction and net zero within the next decades. Defossilization is one major aspect in such scenarios. The increasing introduction of renewable power goes along with a different focus and new opportunities for combustion science and applications. Alternative fuels and fuel blends as well as novel combustion and aftertreatment strategies aim to reduce the carbon footprint and local emissions. From a chemical viewpoint, such measures introduce exciting research questions regarding in-depth information on the combustion process, including detailed, fundamentally founded reaction mechanisms and physico-chemical combustion models of predictive character. Progress relies increasingly on valuable combinations of experiments, theory, simulation, and data strategies. The talk will highlight some recent examples of combustion chemistry research within this general discussion. Powerful in-situ diagnostic methods are applied to probe reactive systems in laboratory configurations. Results from prototypical fuels will be shown also to provide some guidance for further theoretical studies and model development. Such selected examples can serve as food for thought about chances and challenges in the transition towards carbon-reduced processes.

工业4.0提出十年后，已在全球范围内被确立为制造业数字化转型的成功范式。从那时起，最初的概念不断被推进，以管理从数字化、资源节约型工厂到数字化和可持续经济的转变。重要的推动因素有：数字孪生、工业元空间、基于人工智能的自动化和机器人技术、智能服务和数字商业生态系统，以及在联合数据空间中的可信数据交换。 将废物从当前的价值链中移除，增长可以与资源消耗脱钩，以实现生态效益并建立循环经济。双模性、循环性、敏捷性和网络准备将塑造商业的未来。

In this talk I will describe how to plant novel types of backdoors in any facial recognition model based on the popular architecture of deep Siamese neural networks, by mathematically changing a small fraction of its weights (i.e., without using any additional training or optimization). These backdoors force the system to err only on specific persons which are preselected by the attacker. For example, we show how such a backdoored system can take any two images of a particular person and decide that they represent different persons (an anonymity attack), or take any two images of a particular pair of persons and decide that they represent the same person (a confusion attack), with almost no effect on the correctness of its decisions for other persons. Uniquely, we show that multiple backdoors can be independently installed by multiple attackers who may not be aware of each other's existence with almost no interference. Joint work with Irad Zehavi.

Nanotechnology is undoubtedly one of the most important technologies in the 21st century, impacting a very broad range of scientific research and industries, from semiconductor ICs, and data storage, nanophotonics, batteries, displays, light emitting diodes, optical communication, virtual reality, biotechnology, medicine, security features, to name just a few. However, the full potential of nanotechnology cannot be utilized, unless we have a nanomanufacturing technology that can manufacture nanostructures with high throughput and low cost. Of all existing technologies for manufacturing well-defined nanostructures, nanoimprint clearly is one of the most promising ones. Nanoimprint has a unique combination of attributes, including the highest resolution (0.3 nm!), the smallest pitch (<10 nm), large-area (e.g. wall-paper size), high-throughput and low cost, that are unmatchable by other existing methods. As a result, nanoimprint has emerged as one of the most important manufacturing technologies in the 21st century, and is rapidly evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry. As the inventor of nanoimprint, the author will present his view overview on the status and future of nanoimprint in research and industrialization. Furthermore, the author will discuss another groundbreaking technology innovation called iMOST™ (instant Mobile Self-Test) – a new platform for healthcare test, that he has invented and developed*. iMOST is designed to offer instant mobile personal self-medical-diagnostic testing that is accurate, reliable, simple to use, affordable to everyone, and can be used anywhere and anytime. iMOST achieved its goals by outside-the-box thinking and a new paradigm, that is fundamentally different from the traditional and that successfully removes several key roadblocks in testing outside a lab. The new paradigm has the following unique features: (i) “Fault-Tolerant” (ii) “One Device for All” and (iii) low-cost, portable and scalable. The new paradigm is uniquely achieved by using nanotechnology, advance imaging, Nano-Enabled Artificial intelligence/Machine-learning (NEAM) and new bio/chemical processes into diagnostic testing. iMOST is poised to replace traditional, expensive, time-consuming lab test, significantly impacting future telemedicine. * The iMOST work was performed at Essenlix Corp

Protein folding can begin co-translationally. Due to the difference in timescale between folding and synthesis, co-translational folding is thought to occur at equilibrium for fast folding domains. Thus, the folding kinetics of stalled ribosome-bound nascent chains should match the folding of nascent chains in real time. We test this assumption by comparing the folding of a ribosome-bound, multi-domain calcium-binding protein stalled at different points in translation with the nascent chain as is it being synthesized in real-time, via optical tweezers. In vitro, a misfolded state of the protein occurs readily, and on stalled ribosomes, the misfolded state still forms rapidly (1.5 s). Surprisingly, during active translation, this state is only attained after a long delay (~ 60 s), indicating that, unexpectedly, the growing polypeptide is not equilibrated with its ensemble of accessible conformations. Slow equilibration on the ribosome can delay premature folding until adequate sequence is available and/or allow time for chaperone binding, thus promoting productive folding. On the other hand, interactions between the nascent polypeptide and the ribosome exit tunnel represent one mode of regulating synthesis rates, which, in turn, are thought to affect protein folding. The SecM protein arrests its own translation as part of a feedback mechanism, and release of arrest has been proposed to occur by mechanical force at the translocon. This is the so-called translocon mechanical hypothesis. Using optical tweezers, I demonstrate that arrest of SecM-stalled ribosomes can indeed be rescued by force alone. Moreover, I will show that the force needed to release stalling can be generated in vivo by a nascent chain folding near the ribosome tunnel exit. I formulate a kinetic model describing how a protein can regulate its own synthesis by the force generated during folding, tuning ribosome activity to structure acquisition by a nascent polypeptide.

在本次报告中，王复明院士将从治水梦想的起源、固坝修道的成果、坝道医院的使命三个方面讲述自己人生三个阶段的心路历程。高中毕业后，“75.8”抗洪抢险经历使他萌生了“治水”梦，选择水利工程专业，立志做一名“治水”的工程医生。博士毕业后，以水灾害防治、“固坝修道”为方向，带领团队十年磨一剑，完成了道路、铁路及机场病害诊治技术，堤坝及地下工程渗漏涌水防治技术和地下管道非开挖修复技术等成果。当选院士后，致力建设“坝道工程医院”，打造科教融合实践育人共享平台。

在科学史上诸多学科都迎来过自己的大发现时代，数学的大发现为后续其它学科的大发现奠定了基础，地理学和天文学的大发现开始出现了从数据（Data）到信息（Information），再到知识（Knowledge），最后升阶为智慧（Wisdom）的理论路径雏形。物理学、化学的大发现验证了从数据到智慧的DIKW路径。在生命科学领域，分子生物学的中心法则的发现过程依旧遵从DIKW路径。在还原论的指导下，通过对人体从系统到组织、到细胞、到细胞器再到构成细胞的生物大分子的分析取得了一系列诺奖级成果。但从蛋白质到细胞、从细胞到器官再到人体的构成规律仍然未知。还原论的尽头是对系统论的呼唤！贝塔朗菲提出了生命的机体论，并进一步创建了《一般系统论》，开启了系统科学时代。 人类基因组计划的完成提醒了人们基因组并不能解释人类生老病死的主要问题，因为行使生命体功能并反映时空特性的基本物质是蛋白质而非基因，是蛋白质组的巨大多样性、复杂性与可变性提供了生命万象的物质基础。随着蛋白质组测量技术的通量化、全球化与系统科学、人工智能等领域的飞跃式突破，我们认为破解人体构成原理之谜，迎来新一轮生命科学大发现时代的时机已然而至。为此我们筹划并发起了“人体蛋白质组导航”国际大科学计划（Proteomic Navigator of The Human Body），简称π-HuB计划。π-HuB计划将对人体蛋白质组结构空间和状态空间进行系统测量，定义人体状态并构建动态模型，建立可指导健康管理、疾病治疗与预防的人体状态空间导航系统。我们热切期待系统科学对π-HuB计划DIKW四大任务的鼎力襄助！

化学作为一门在原子、分子层次上研究物质变化的中心科学，是人类使用新材料的源泉。功能介孔材料是一类孔径在2-50纳米的多孔材料，它不仅具备高比表面积、孔道尺寸和孔容均一可控等独特性质，而且具有无机功能纳米颗粒优异的光学、电学、磁学等特性。因此多级结构功能介孔材料在催化、储能、吸附、分离、电子材料、生物医药等众多领域中都有广阔的应用前景。这里我们主要介绍近年来在界面组装调控实现取向组装可控合成多级结构功能介孔材料方面的研究进展，同时介绍近期功能介孔材料在催化剂载体、电极材料、绝热材料、介电材料等领域的应用。

自旋是自然界粒子的基本属性，在现代科技如磁共振影像、磁存储中有着重要应用。近三十年来，随着实验技术的巨大进步，人们对自旋的调控达到了新的高度，现已能在微观尺度上对少量乃至单个自旋进行高精度地控制和测量，为开启全新的自旋应用带来了重大机遇。通过发展具备变革性特征的自旋科学技术，有望促成前沿交叉科学研究中的重大突破，并催生出一批有可能对人类社会带来深远影响的重要科技。本报告回顾了在单自旋量子调控及前沿应用研究上取得的主要进展，并对未来发展趋势做简要展望。

Supramolecular Chemistry may be defined as “the design and synthesis of functional molecules”. As the subject matures, it becomes increasingly important that these functions should be genuinely useful. Opportunities exist in medicine, but the precision required and the complexity of biological media raise major challenges. This lecture will discuss two areas where discoveries with real potential have been made. The first is the design of synthetic receptors for carbohydrates, especially glucose, an important target in the context of diabetes. Research in this field has led to a system with remarkable properties, potentially enabling developments such as glucose-responsive insulin. The second is the transport of anions across cell membranes by synthetic carriers, where high activities have been demonstrated and medical applications are under active investigation. Results in both areas suggest that the rational design of functional molecules can open new avenues in medicinal chemistry, complementing the standard paradigm of lock-and-key binding to macromolecular targets.